Mbiri ya chitukuko cha lithiamu batire cluster

Ma batire a lithiamu asintha momwe timapangira zida zathu zamagetsi. Kuchokera ku mafoni a m'manja kupita ku magalimoto amagetsi, magetsi opepuka komanso ogwira mtimawa akhala mbali yofunika kwambiri ya moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. Komabe, chitukuko chalithiamu batire masangosikunayende bwino. Zadutsa kusintha kwakukulu ndi kupita patsogolo kwazaka zambiri. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona mbiri ya mapaketi a batri a lithiamu ndi momwe adasinthira kuti akwaniritse zosowa zathu zamagetsi zomwe zikukula.

Batire yoyamba ya lithiamu-ion idapangidwa ndi Stanley Whittingham kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, zomwe zikuwonetsa chiyambi cha kusintha kwa batri la lithiamu. Battery ya Whittingham imagwiritsa ntchito titanium disulfide ngati cathode ndi lithiamu zitsulo monga anode. Ngakhale batire yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, siichita malonda chifukwa chachitetezo. Lithiamu chitsulo chimagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo chingayambitse kutha kwa matenthedwe, kuchititsa moto wa batri kapena kuphulika.

Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi chitetezo chokhudzana ndi mabatire a lithiamu zitsulo, John B. Goodenough ndi gulu lake ku yunivesite ya Oxford anapanga zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'ma 1980. Iwo adapeza kuti pogwiritsa ntchito metal oxide cathode m'malo mwa lithiamu zitsulo, chiopsezo chothawa kutentha chikhoza kuthetsedwa. Ma cathodes a Goodenough a lithiamu cobalt oxide adasintha kwambiri bizinesi ndikutsegula njira ya mabatire apamwamba kwambiri a lithiamu-ion omwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano.

Chotsatira chachikulu mu lifiyamu batire mapaketi anabwera mu 1990s pamene Yoshio Nishi ndi gulu lake pa Sony anayamba malonda batire lifiyamu-ion. Iwo m'malo zotakataka kwambiri lifiyamu zitsulo anode ndi khola graphite anode, kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo batire. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zawo komanso moyo wautali wozungulira, mabatire awa adakhala gwero lamphamvu lamagetsi pazida zam'manja monga ma laputopu ndi mafoni am'manja.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, mapaketi a batri a lithiamu adapeza ntchito zatsopano pamsika wamagalimoto. Tesla, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi Martin Eberhard ndi Mark Tarpenning, inayambitsa galimoto yoyamba yamagetsi yochita malonda yoyendetsedwa ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Izi zikuwonetsa gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga mapaketi a batri a lithiamu, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sikulinso pamagetsi onyamula. Magalimoto amagetsi oyendetsedwa ndi mabatire a lithiamu amapereka njira yoyeretsera, yosasunthika kuposa yamagalimoto achikhalidwe oyendera mafuta.

Pamene kufunikira kwa mapaketi a batri a lithiamu kukukulirakulira, zoyeserera zimayang'ana kwambiri pakuwonjezera mphamvu zawo ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito awo onse. Kupititsa patsogolo kotereku kunali kukhazikitsidwa kwa anode opangidwa ndi silicon. Silicon ili ndi mphamvu zowerengera za lithiamu, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamabatire. Komabe, ma silicon anode amakumana ndi zovuta monga kusintha kwakukulu kwa voliyumu panthawi yotulutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wofupikitsidwa. Ofufuza akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti athetse mavutowa kuti atsegule mphamvu zonse za silicon-based anode.

Gawo lina la kafukufuku ndi magulu olimba a lithiamu batire. Mabatirewa amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte olimba m'malo mwa ma electrolyte amadzimadzi omwe amapezeka m'mabatire amtundu wa lithiamu-ion. Mabatire olimba ali ndi maubwino angapo, kuphatikiza chitetezo chokulirapo, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso moyo wautali wozungulira. Komabe, malonda awo akadali koyambirira ndipo kufufuza kwina ndi chitukuko kumafunika kuthana ndi zovuta zaukadaulo ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira. 

Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, tsogolo la magulu a batri la lithiamu likuwoneka ngati likulonjeza. Kufunika kosungirako mphamvu kukupitilira kukwera, motsogozedwa ndi msika womwe ukukula wamagalimoto amagetsi komanso kufunikira kwa kuphatikiza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Zoyeserera za kafukufuku zimayang'ana pakupanga mabatire omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochulukirachulukira, kuthekera kochapira mwachangu, komanso moyo wautali wozungulira. Magulu a batri a lithiamu atenga gawo lofunikira pakusintha kukhala koyera komanso kokhazikika kwamphamvu zamtsogolo.

Mwachidule, mbiri yachitukuko cha mapaketi a batri a lithiamu yawona luso la anthu komanso kufunafuna mphamvu zotetezedwa komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri. Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a mabatire a zitsulo za lithiamu mpaka mabatire apamwamba a lithiamu-ion omwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano, taona kupita patsogolo kwakukulu muukadaulo wosungira mphamvu. Pamene tikupitiriza kukankhira malire a zomwe zingatheke, mapaketi a batri a lithiamu apitirizabe kusintha ndikusintha tsogolo la kusunga mphamvu.

Ngati mukufuna masango a batri a lithiamu, olandiridwa kuti mulankhule ndi Radiance kutipezani mtengo.